BOOK 8
Lesson 1
Verbs:
To launch, launched – Lançar
To replace, replaced – substituir
To tend, tended -- Tender
Vocabulary:
Gadget – utencilio,
ferramenta
Obsolete
-- Obsoleto
Invention – Invenção
Equipment – Equipamento
Improvement
– Melhoria
Developer –
Desenvolvedor
Leading –
Principal, destaque
Rapid – Rápido
Feature – Característico
Copyright – direito
autoral
Innovation –
Inovação
Sophisticated
– Sofisticado
Latest – Mais
recentes
Browser – Navegador, navegador
Expressions:
IT –
Information technology -- TI - Tecnologia da Informação
Cuttinhg
edge – levar vantagem
User
friendly – amigo do usuário
Means of comminication -- Meios de comunicação
Search engine -- buscador
Grammar:
This can be a big problem if we need to replace a lot
parts.
She has a degree in It and some experience. She my be a
good developer.
The problem coud be the Wi – Fi connention or the
configuration.
They started to devolop ot a couple of moths ago so they
shoud be launching it soon.
Consumers ought to see the improvement in the features.
This couldn´t be the most sophisticated one they have,
could it?
It will be user
friendly.
This must be cutting edge technology.
Ask your friend
1 – If he will paint the walls again (Might just put
wallpaper)
2 – If she will bake a cake for the birthday party (could
just buy one_
3 – If he will go to work on Saturday (Should speak with the director first)
4 – If she will sell her car. (But must buy a new one)
5 – If he will study another language (but it could be a
good idea to study Spanish)
6 – If she will pay all the bills today. (but might go to
the bank to withdraw some mony)
Justify your answers
1 – What are three
significant inventions in your opinion?
2 – Have men really walked on the moon?
3 – Would you like to take a trip to space?
4 – Do you think there is life on the other planets?
5 – Do you belive in UFOs?
Lesson 2
Verbs:
To enjoy, enjoyed – aproveitar
To plan, planned – planejar
To design, designed -- projetar
Vocabulary:
resourcer – recursor
substantial – substancial
hazard – perigo, risco
heated – aquecido
goods – bens
scientific – científico
trend – tendência
function – função
effectively – efetivamente
maintenance – manutenção
tools – Ferramentas
analysis – análise
outsourcing – terceirização
off shore – fora da costa
Expressions:
os – operating system – sistema operacional
top notch – Top de linha
phone carrier – operadora de telefonia
word processor – processador
de palavras
Grammar:
The growth of its popularity could have been due to
the marketing campign.
Someone ought to have planned it better.
They coudn´t disposed of it properly.
She may not have changed her idea about it.
They must have left the city for a couple of days.
I may have forgotten my Ipad at work again.
Fluency
Could they have chosen a different path?
1.
As far as I know, they could have
chosen a different path.
2.
Must there have been a mistake?
3.
Should we have made more pizza?
4.
Might she have phoned the wrong
person?
5.
Could they have picked too many
flowers?
6.
Should we have printed more copies?
7.
Might he have asked the right girl?
8.
Couldn´t they have come to my party?
Lesson 3
Verbs:
To discover, discovered – Descobrir
To manufacture, manufactured – Manufaturar
To invent, invented – inventar
Vocabulary:
database – banco
de dados
entertainment – entretenimento
carrier – operadora
remote – remoto
relevant – relevante
simultaneous – simultâneo
specialist – especialista
piracy – pirataria
consulting – consultando
experimentation – experimentação
posterity – posteridade
projection – projeção
Expressions:
to come to one´s senses – realçar os sentindo
to look out for (someone/ something) -- cuidar de
to be of soud mind – estar em sã consciência
to smell trouble – cheirar problemas
to leave a bitter taste in one´s mouth – deixar um gosto
amargo na boca
Grammar:
That sounds familiar.
You smell bad.
Why are you smelling mt feet?
The soup tastesd of.
I also tasted it and I think it is great.
Doesn´t this
fabric feel great on your skin?
You don´t seem well.
Pronunciation and intonation:
1 His incisive words made us understand.
2 Learning the basics is essential.
3 He lives in the basement of his parent´s home.
4 It was clear his case had no solid basis.
5 Outsourcing makes employess increasinglg insecure.
6 Drastic actions are never a good solution.
7 The inconsistency of his actions showed he didn´t care.
8 I missed the show today.
9 He was surprised at the party.
10 we are very disappointed with his work.
Lesson 4
Verbs:
to preserve, preserved – preservar
to reduce, reduced – reduzir
to demage,
demaged – prejudicar, denificar
Vocabulary:
arid – árido
drought – seca
waste – desperdício
urbanization – urbanização
erosion – erosão
deforestation – desmatamento
recyclable – reciclável
global warming – aquecimento global
flood – enchente
biodiversity – biodiversidade
smog – poluição
asthma – asma
seldom – raramente
rarely – raramente
Expressions:
not until -- não até
under no circumstances -- sob nenhuma circunstância
under no condition – sob nenhuma condição
only by – apenas pela
hardly ever -- quase nunca
Grammar:
We hardly ever have floods in this area.
Hardly ever do we have floods in this area.
I don´t throw trash on the streets on any condition.
On no condition do I throw trash on the streets.
It is only possible to stop global warming by reducing pollution.
Only by reducing pollution is it possible to stop global
warming.
People will not start preserving the environment until it
is too late.
Not until it is too late will people start preserving the
environment.
We cannot allow that under any circumstance.
Under no circumstances can we allow that.
Ask your friend
How often she goes to restaurants (hardly ever)
Hardly ever do I go to restaurants.
1 – How often he goes to the movies (seldow)
2 – How often she buys new books (rarely)
3 – How often he travels (seldom)
4 -- How often she takes taxis (almost never)
5 – How often he buys new clothes (once in a while)
6 -- How often she
goes out with she goes out with his friends (very often)
Lesson 5
Verbs:
To avoid, avoied -- Evitar
To destroy, destroed -- Destruir
To warn, warned -- Avisar
Vocabulary:
survival – sobrevivência
earthquake – terremoto
disposable – descartável
destructive – destrutivo
consumerism – consumismo
ozone layer – camada de ozônio
biodegradable – biodegradável
carbon footprint – emissão, pegada de carbono
renewable – renovável
oil spill – derramamento de óleo
marine life – vida marinha
wildlife – vida selvagens
atmosphere – atmosfera
scarcely -- dificilmente
Expressions:
on no occasion – em nenhuma ocasião
never before – nunca antes
not since – não Desde
only after -- só depois
Grammar:
They had never been accused of anything before.
Never before had we been accused of anything.
We haven´t had guests since Cristmas.
Not since Cristmas have we had guests.
Fluency
Did they have a
child only after they had bought ahouse?
AS far as I remember, only after they had bought a house did they have a child.
1. Willshe come over only after she finishes her
homework?
2.Can he watch the movie only after he reads the book?
3. Haven´t we had guests over since Cristmas?
4. Had they never been to China before?
5. Does the company often require employees to work
overtime?
6. Will they get a massage only after they fill out the
form?
7. Hadn´t she driven a car since the accident?
8. Did he seldom buy her gifts?
Lesson 6
Verbs:
To prevent, prevented: Prevenir
To affect, affected: Afetar
To breathe, breathed: Respirar
Vocabulary:
conservation: conservação:
contagious: transmissível
emission: emissão
endangered: ameaçadas de
extinção
radiation: radiação
chemical: química
extinct: extinto
research: pesquisar
remedial:remediar
reusable: reutilizável
irreplaceable: insubstituível
sewage: esgoto
organism: organismo
hardly: dificilmente
Expressions:
in no way: de maneira alguma
only then: apenas então
only later: só mais tarde
no sooner...than... Não
antes de
on no account: em hipótese
alguma
Grammar:
Pronunciation and intonation:
1.
A rabbit made a hole in her hat.
2.
He put the revolver in the holster.
3.
My hands are red and rough.
4.
We hated riding horses.
5.
There is a hole in the roof.
6.
How do I handle this heavy rock?
7.
Their hearts were really happy.
8.
She had red hair.
9.
How would you rate the movie?
10. Can you
heat the ranch house?
Lesson 7
Verbs:
To commit, committed: cometer
To benefit, benefited: Beneficiar
To appreciate, appreciated: Apreciar
Vocabulary:
generosity – generosidade
food bank – Banco Alimentar
kindness -- gentileza
benefactor – benfeitor
mentor – mentor
volunteer – voluntário
aid – ajuda
shelter – abrigo
hunger – fome
selfless – altruísta
solidarity – solidariedade
initiative – iniciativa
charity – iniciativa
fundraiser -- arrecadação de fundos
Expressions:
to walk in someone´s shoes: andar no lugar de alguém
a good cause: uma boa causa
the bigger the better: quanto maior melhor
whereas: enquanto
Grammar:
Their satisfaction was multipled in the degree that the
donations incresed.
As the misic got louder, people started dancing more.
The more investment there is , the safer our projedt gets.
The more they asked us for money, the less we trusted the
organization.
They will be fine even if they have to sell their house.
Depite not being rich, they donate to charity.
While some students like to help, others care less.
Ask your friend
1.
If she will go to the party tonight (no
/ although it´ll be a great party)
2.
If he would like tl have a pet (yes/
despite my allergies)
3.
If she will get a driver´s license (yes/
even it I don´t own a car yet)
4.
If he will go on vacation soon (no/
althought I would like to)
5.
If she wants to have dessert (no/ while
I am on a diet)
6.
If he will go to the basketball game
(yes/ yet my favorite sport is soccer)
7.
If she wants to see that movie (yes/ as
mich as liked the book)
Lesson 8
Verbs:
To support, supported – Suportar
to sponsor, sponsored – patrocinar
to survive, survived -- sobreviver
Vocabulary:
peers – pares
humanity – humanidade
integrity – integridade
exited – saiu
role model – modelo
thankful – grato
dependable – confiável
social work – trabalho social
support – apoiar
pro bono – pro bonos
empathy – empatia
endorsement – endosso
implication -- implicação
Expressions:
Charitable deduction – dedução de caridade
To be in need – Estar precisando
In order to – A fim de
So as not to -- De modo a nao
Grammar:
Many lawyers do
pro bono work in order to pay less tax
We choise this campaign to better advertise our company.
They want a house so that they will stop paying rent.
Nobody talked about that so as not to hurt his feeling
They used her story so that others might be inspired .
After having
succeeded in life, he became a mentor to students .
As soon as she stared talking with them, her opinion
changed.
You can volunteer whenever you have some free time.
Don´t judge your peers until you´ve walked in their
shoers.
Fluency
In order to succeed, you need to improve your English.
I coudn´t agree more that I need to improve my English
in order to succed.
1.
So that others might
encouraged, we ought to show them results the results.
2.
After graduating in education one
should always start working as a teacher.
3.
So as not to spend too much at the
supermarket, you need to find coupons.
4.
Whenever we succed in business we
should donate some money to charity.
5.
He should go on vacation , as soon as
he has some free time.
6.
So that they will pass the exam, they
should study their lessons.
7.
To better know our friends, we should
invite them to a dinner party.
8.
She shouln´t change her car white she doen´t have a job.
Lesson 9
Verbs:
To enable, enabled – habilitar, permitir
To contribute, contributed -- Contribuir
To feed, fed, fed -- Alimentar
Vocabulary:
humble – humilde
humanitarian – humanitária
philanthropy – filantropia
gratude – gratidão
deduction – dedução
virtue – virtude
consideration – consideração
benevolent -- benevolente
Expressions:
in aid of – em auxílio de
poster child -- garoto-propaganda
as long as -- desde que
Grammar:
He was only invited due to the fact that he comtributed
to the organization.
Did he treat the victims the way he would have liked to
be treated?
As she was a poster child, they got a lot of donations.
Since he was a humanitation , he dacided to help them
all.
Was he awarded a prize because of his social work?
She gave the speech as though she had written it herself.
We did everything just like out teacher told us to.
He carried on his father´s work as he had been taught.
Proninciation and intonation:
1.
I bet he was right in making that
decision.
2.
That old house was full of bats.
3.
I met her right after I moved to New
York.
4.
The mat needs to be washed.
5.
She has already said she won´t do it.
6.
He is not sad about what you did
anymore.
7.
She got a nice tan during her summer
vacation.
8.
There were about ten people at the meeting.
9.
He just pecked at his food with no
interest.
10. I´ll
still have to pack when I get home today.
Lesson 10
Verbs:
To advise, advised – aconselhar
To provide, provided – Fornecer
To educate, educated -- educar
Vocabulary:
caring – cuidadoso
involvament – envolvimento
attendance – comparecimento, freqüência
presence – presença
guardian – guardião
roots – raízes
orphan – órfão
descendant – descendente
daycare – creche
appropriete – apropriado
devotion -- devoção
faithful – fiel
hereditary -- hereditário
Expressions:
family ties – laços familiares
to bring up – mencionar
nuclear family – nucleo familiar
family – família
friendly – amigável
to run in the family -- correr em família
Grammar:
Parents must regularly study with their children.
She can ocacasionally have ice cream with her parents.
It is sometimes difficult to discipline children.
Children seldom know a lot about their grandparents.
None of their children go to daycare.
He quit his job, but he told no one why.
They both work from home thought neither one likes it very much.
Nobody understood why she didn´t talk much about her
family.
Not everybody understood why she didn´t much about her
family.
Not everybody understood why she didn´t talk about her
family.
Ask your friend
1.How often he goes to New York (occasionally)
2.How often she exercises. (regularly)
3. How often he tralvels on business (generally)
4. How often she take some medicine (seldom)
5. How often he drinks 2 liters of water (regularly)
6. How often she has fruits and vegetables (Generally)
7. How often he watches television. (Seldom)
Lesson 11
Verbs:
To behave, behaved – Comportar-se
To adopt, adopted – Adotar
To regard, regarded -- considerar
Vocabulary:
elder – mais velho
custody – custódia
collaboration – colaboração
heir – herdeiro
alfinity – alfinidade
autonomy – autonomia
punishment – punição
parenthood – paternidade
caregiver – cuidadora
upbringing – Educação
dysfunctional – disfuncional
overprotective – Super-protetor
raising – subindo
Expressions:
underprivilleged – desfavorecido
inner city community – comunidade do centro da cidade
single parent – pai solteiro
extended family – família grande
to look up to (someone) – olhar para
Grammar:
The girl sat crying in the car because they were going
home.
Having adopted a child, they were happier then ever.
The documentary discussed some disciplining
techinques.
That caring mother never took her eyes off her
daughter.
Divorce has recently increase at alarming rate.
Good teachers have a long –lasting impact on any
child.
He is a smooth – talking man.
Fluency
This noise disturbs the whole neighborhood.
What a disturbing noise.
1 – I have a lot of interest in this subject.
2 – The news confused me.
3 – His story inspired many people.
4 – I was so surprised with her gift.
5 – We were so bored by that movie.
6 – They are exhausted from the exercises.
7 – This story shocked us.
8 -- The air conditioner is making me freeze.
Lesson 12
Verbs:
To share; shared – Compartilhar
To forgive, forgave, forgiven – Perdoar
To value, valued – valorizar
Vocabulary
Loyalty – Lealdade
Flaw – Imperfeição
Envious – Invejoso
Consistent – Consistente
Affection – Afeição
Undemeath – Indeciso
Unique— Exclusivo
Unrestricted – Irrestrito
Emotinal – Emocional
Parental – Parental
bond – ligação, vinculo
proximity – proximidade
household -- doméstico
Expressions:
foster family – família adotiva
foster child – criança adotada
free rein – rédea livre
to take after (someone) – para levar depois
in – laws -- em – leis
Grammar:
1.
A daycare center was opened near the
office.
2.
Children brought up in loving
families are healthier.
3.
Accompanied by his dad, the boy
felt less scared of the doctor.
4.
His words have caused emotional
reactions.
5.
Have thay been chosen to be our
foster children?
6.
The surprised parents had no idea
they were expecting twins.
7.
The adopted child had never had a birthday party before.
8.
Worried parents are sometimes
overprotective of their children.
9.
There is nothing like a good homemade
dinner with family.
Pronunciation
and intonation
1.
The cotton shirt was soft.
2.
You ´re certain the house is on mountain.
3.
The movie frightened his girlfriend .
4.
The crow stood for the curtain call.
5.
We can´t eat rotten fruit.
6.
This lamp will brighten up the room.
7.
Let´s help lighten her load.
8.
I lost a button off my pants.
Lesson 13
Verbs:
To encourage, encouraged – encorajar
To succeed, succeeded – suceder
To grow, grew, grown -- Crescer
Vocabulary
Potential – Potencial
Knowledge – Conhecimento
Professor – Professor
Scholarship – Bolsa de estudos
Lecturer – Conferencista
Academic – Acadêmico
Literacy – Alfabetização
Level – Nível
Youngster – Jovem
Condition – Condição
Wise – Sábio
Admission – Admissão
Motivation – Motivação
Alluring – Sedutor
Expressions:
illiteracy – analfabetismo
leaming needs – necessidades de aprendizagem
educational bockground – formação educacional
to catch up with – para alcançar
to teach an old dog new tricks – ensinar novos truques a
um cachorro velho
Grammar:
He refulsed to give the interview on that television
program.
Adult illiteracy is a big concem among educators.
The teacher used part of a war film in the history
class.
Students read several magazine articles for the test.
This school regulations in the student handbook.
The admissions office is interviewing candidates for
scholarships.
He met his girlfriend back in college.
The students were in front of the ticket office
waiting for a guide.
Our geography teacher has always motivated us.
Ask your friend
1.How long she has been working on her science project
(for a month)
2.How long he has been watching this television show
(for about half an hour)
3. how long she has been reading that fiction novel
(since last month)
4. How long he has been going to that English course
(since last August)
5. How long he she been watching that talk show (Every
week for the last year)
6. How long he
has been working at the downtown office (for a month)
7. How long she has been reading the newspaper. (For
just a couple of minutes)
Lesson 14
Verbs:
To influence, influenced -- influenciar
To eam, eaned –
To create, created -- criar
vocabulary
inspiring – inspirador
extraordinary
– extraordinário
capable – capaz
creative – criativo
assessment –
avaliação
valuable –
valor
influence –
influência
task – tarefa
awareness – conhecimento
learning process – processo de aprendizagem
confidence –
confiança
development
– desenvolvimento
patronizing
– condescendente
Expressions:
higher education – ensino superior
to be into (something) – estar em
to fall behind – ficar para trás
junior college – faculdade júnior
Grammar:
They might benefit from a good counselor.
They may be denied another chance to do it again.
He ought to be praised for his great work.
This issue should be discussed with the parents.
Students should be advised on how to use it first.
I believe students will be challenged by this
activity.
FLUENCY
Her visa was denied. (Could )
Her visa could be denied.
1.
She was informed about the change.
(could )
2.
He was told the truth. (Should)
3.
He is removed from the hospital.
(must)
4.
Cars are bought online. (can)
5.
The projects are finished. (Will)
6.
That new movie is rated G. (could)
7.
The meeting was postponed. (Should)
8.
She is praised for her work. (Should)
Lesson 15
Verbs:
To recognize, recognized -- reconhecer
To praise, praised – louvar
To explore, explored -- explorar
vocabulary
counselor – conselheiro
course
outline – esboço do curso
intellect – intelecto
preparation – preparation
focus – foco
dedication –
dedicação
tuition –
mensalidade
registration
– registro
essay – ensaio
orientation
– orientação
perspective
– perspectiva
self –
learmer -- autodidata
theory -- teoria
Expressions:
to get through to (someone) -- para chegar até (alguém)
to drop out – abandonar
SAT – schlastic assessment test – SAT – teste de avaliação escolar
Full inclusion – Inclusão total
TOEIC – test of English for international comm -- TOEIC –
teste de inglês para comunicação internacional
Unication -- Unicação
TOEIL -- test of
English as a foreign language-- TOEIL — teste de
inglês como língua estrangeira
Grammar:
She might have been offered a better job.
He must have been given this grade for his dedication.
This class should have been prepared more carefully by
the teacher.
They would have been praised if the paper was good
They ougt to have been advised before the classes
started.
She can´t have dropped out.
He couldn´t have been more uninformed.
She may have been given another chance to take the
test.
They have been given all the necessary information.
Have the test already been corrected?
Pronunciation and intonation
1.
Her voice was so low that I could
barely hear her.
2.
How long has it been since she
started studying Law?
3.
We saw them together at the mall yesterday.
4.
She tried it so hard, but she didn´t make it.
5.
It must have cost him a fortune.
6.
He bought beautiful house on the west
coast.
7.
Have you been invited to the ball?
8.
Don´t forget to put the dirty bowl in
the sink.
9.
Make sure you bring a coat for the weekend.
10. He
was caught still in the scene.
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